13May
Understanding ‘Sectioning’: A Look into the UK’s Mental Health Act

Introduction

The term “sectioning” is often mentioned in conversations about mental health, yet many people aren’t fully aware of what it entails. In the UK, sectioning refers to the legal process of detaining someone for assessment or treatment of a mental health condition under the Mental Health Act 1983 (amended 2007).

Understanding this process is vital not only for those who may experience it but also for their families, carers, and the broader community.

What Is Sectioning?

Sectioning occurs when an individual is compulsorily admitted to a hospital or mental health facility for assessment and/or treatment due to concerns about their mental health. This process is legally authorised through various “sections” of the Mental Health Act.

Why Might Someone Be Sectioned?

Someone may be sectioned if:

  • They are a danger to themselves or others
  • Their mental health condition requires urgent treatment
  • They are unwilling or unable to consent to voluntary admission
  • A doctor or social worker believes a structured environment is necessary for their well-being

Key Sections of the Mental Health Act

Section 2 – Assessment

  • Used for assessing a person’s mental health condition.
  • Duration: Up to 28 days.
  • Requires recommendation from two doctors and an Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP).

Section 3 – Treatment

  • For individuals already diagnosed who need hospital treatment.
  • Duration: Up to 6 months, renewable.
  • Requires the same professional approvals as Section 2.

Section 4 – Emergency Detention

  • Used in urgent situations when immediate admission is needed.
  • Duration: Up to 72 hours.
  • Requires only one doctor’s recommendation.

Section 136 – Place of Safety

  • Applies when a person is found in a public place and appears to need immediate care.
  • Duration: Up to 24 hours in a designated “place of safety” (e.g., hospital).
  • Initiated by police officers.

What Happens During Sectioning?

  1. Mental Health Assessment
    A team of professionals—including psychiatrists and an AMHP—evaluate the person’s mental state, behaviour, and risk factors.
  2. Hospital Admission
    If sectioned, the individual is taken to a mental health hospital for further assessment or treatment.
  3. Treatment and Monitoring
    Medical staff provide necessary treatment, therapy, and medication under strict legal and ethical guidelines.
  4. Right to Appeal
    Patients have the legal right to appeal their detention through a Mental Health Tribunal or Hospital Managers’ Hearing.

Patient Rights and Safeguards

Even when sectioned, individuals maintain important rights:

  • The right to be informed of the reasons for detention
  • The right to access an Independent Mental Health Advocate (IMHA)
  • The right to appeal the detention
  • The right to refuse treatment in some circumstances (except when overridden by legal orders)

Support for Families and Carers

Loved ones often play a critical role. They can:

  • Provide background information during assessments
  • Be kept informed of care decisions (with patient consent)
  • Receive support from mental health charities and advocacy groups

However, it’s important to note that consent and confidentiality laws may limit what professionals can share without the patient’s permission.

Controversies and Calls for Reform

The Mental Health Act has faced criticism for:

  • Disproportionate impact on Black and minority ethnic groups
  • Concerns about involuntary treatment and patient autonomy
  • The need for better community-based support

In response, the UK government proposed reforms aiming to:

  • Increase patient choice
  • Reduce detentions
  • Improve cultural sensitivity in mental health care

Conclusion

Sectioning under the UK’s Mental Health Act is a complex but necessary process designed to protect individuals and those around them in moments of serious mental health crisis. While it can be distressing, understanding the system, rights, and available support can make the experience more manageable and transparent.

Mental health is a collective concern, and by staying informed, we can reduce stigma and ensure respectful, compassionate care for those who need it most.